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Stronger, less expensive titanium alloy for 3D printing

By Michael Quin, RMIT University

Engineers from RMIT University in Australia have produced a new type of 3D-printed titanium alloy that's about a third less expensive than commonly used titanium alloys.

The team used readily available and less expensive alternative materials to replace the increasingly expensive vanadium that is commonly used in titanium alloys.

RMIT has filed a provisional patent on their innovative approach, which has also been outlined in Nature Communications. The team is working on commercial opportunities to develop the new, lower-cost approach for the aerospace and medical device industries, among others.

RMIT's Center for Additive Manufacturing (RCAM) PhD candidate and study lead author Ryan Brooke said testing of their alloy showed improved strength and performance compared to standard 3D-printed titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V). 

Brooke, who has just accepted a Research Translation Fellowship at RMIT to investigate the next steps of commercializing the technology, said the area of 3D-printed titanium alloys was ripe for innovations. 

"3D printing allows faster, less wasteful, and more tailorable production, yet we're still relying on legacy alloys like Ti-6Al-4V that doesn't allow full capitalization of this potential. It's like we've created an airplane and are still just driving it around the streets," he said. "New types of titanium and other alloys will allow us to really push the boundaries of what's possible with 3D printing, and the framework for designing new alloys outlined in our study is a significant step in that direction."  

The latest study outlines a time- and cost-saving method to select elements for alloying to take advantage of emerging 3D-printing technology. It identifies three compositional parameters to produce better alloys: the non-equilibrium solidification range (ΔT_s), the growth restriction factor (Q), and the constitutional supercooling parameter (P).

This work provides a clearer framework for predicting the printed grain structure of metallic alloys in additive manufacturing. 

It has already been used to achieve impressive results: the team's alloy, while not presented in the study for commercial reasons, is 29% less expensive to produce than standard titanium.

Through this design framework, the metal also prints more evenly, avoiding the column-shaped microstructures that lead to uneven mechanical properties in some 3D-printed alloys. 

"By developing a more cost-effective formula that avoids this columnar microstructure, we have solved two key challenges preventing widespread adoption of 3D printing," said Brooke, who recently completed market validation as part of CSIRO's ON Prime program talking to aerospace, automotive, and MedTech industry representatives about their needs. 

"What I heard loud and clear from end users was that to bring new alloys to market, the benefits have to not just be minor incremental steps but a full leap forward, and that's what we have achieved here," he said.

"We have been able to not only produce titanium alloys with a uniform grain structure, but with reduced costs, while also making it stronger and more ductile." 

Study corresponding author Professor Mark Easton said RCAM was focused on creating new collaborations to further develop the technology. 

"We are very excited about the prospects of this new alloy, but it requires a team from across the supply chain to make it successful. So, we are looking for partners to provide guidance for the next stages of development," he said. 

Samples were produced and tested at RMIT's cutting-edge Advanced Manufacturing Precinct. 

Published August 2025

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