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OLEDs: The future of faster long-distance wireless communications?

Wi-Fi may have a real-world rival. In the race to develop faster and more flexible wireless communication technologies, researchers are turning to an unexpected source: the same organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) found in smartphone screens and TVs.

A recent study from scientists in the UK at the University of St. Andrews and the University of Cambridge, published in Advanced Photonics, demonstrates that OLEDs can be engineered to transmit data at record-breaking speeds over surprisingly long distances -- potentially transforming how we connect devices in the future.

Visible light communication (VLC) is also called Li-Fi. It uses light instead of radio waves to transmit data, offering advantages such as high bandwidth, low interference, and the ability to integrate with existing lighting systems. OLEDs are especially attractive for VLC because they're thin, flexible, and easy to manufacture. Until now, however, they've been considered too slow for high-speed data transmission.

This new research challenges that assumption. By carefully selecting materials and optimizing the design of OLEDs, the team achieved data transmission rates of up to 4 gigabits per second (Gbps) over a 2-m distance and 2.9 Gbps over 10 m -- both records for OLED-based systems. For comparison, previous OLED systems topped out at around 2.85 Gbps, and only over very short distances.

The key to this record-breaking advance lies in the use of a stable organic compound called dinaphthylperylene (DNP), known for its long operational lifetime and fast light emission. The team built OLEDs using DNP and fine-tuned the thickness and composition of each layer in the device to balance brightness and speed. They also experimented with different device sizes, finding that larger OLEDs could emit more light without sacrificing speed, which helped maintain strong signals over longer distances.

To test performance, the team set up a VLC system using these OLEDs as transmitters and high-speed photodiodes as receivers. They used a modulation technique called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), commonly used in Wi-Fi and 5G, to maximize data throughput. The system was able to maintain low error rates even at high speeds, thanks in part to advanced signal processing and error correction.

An impressive aspect of the study is the 10-m data link. Achieving nearly 3 Gbps over this distance with a single OLED transmitter is a major leap forward, especially considering that most previous OLED-based systems operated over less than half a meter. This opens the door to practical applications of OLED VLC in homes, offices, and even wearable devices.

The researchers note that enhancing OLED material stability, increasing light output, and refining device architecture could push data rates even higher. As OLED technology continues to evolve in response to display and lighting industries, it will doubtless contribute to the future of wireless communications.

Designfax Editor's Note: According to LiFi Group, "One of the most significant differences between Li-Fi and Wi-Fi is in terms of speed. Li-Fi offers unparalleled data transfer speeds, (potentially) reaching up to 100 Gbps." Li-Fi is also more secure: "Li-Fi's use of light waves that cannot penetrate walls drastically reduces the risk of data interception by unauthorized users outside the room. This feature makes Li-Fi highly suitable for secure environments like government offices and financial institutions." A speed of 1 Gbps is 100 times faster than typical Wi-Fi.

Read the original article by K. Yoshida et al., "High-speed organic light-emitting diodes based on dinaphthylperylene achieving 4-Gbps communication," in Advanced Photonics.

Source: SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics

Published August 2025

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